diff --git a/public/assets/app.js b/public/assets/app.js
index eaac60e..83888dc 100644
--- a/public/assets/app.js
+++ b/public/assets/app.js
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 const PAGE_SIZE = 12;
 const MAX_FILE_BYTES = 5 * 1024 * 1024;
+const VIEW_DWELL_MS = 1000;
+const VIEW_THRESHOLD = 0.9;
+const VIEW_DEDUPE_MS = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
+const VIEW_DEDUPE_PREFIX = 'meme-viewed:';
 const SAFE_TYPES = new Set(['image/png', 'image/jpeg']);
 
 const grid = document.querySelector('#meme-grid');
@@ -21,6 +25,8 @@ let currentPage = 0;
 let totalPages = 1;
 let isLoading = false;
 let latestValidationRun = 0;
+const viewedThisSession = new Set();
+const pendingViewTimers = new Map();
 
 document.querySelector('#open-upload').addEventListener('click', () => {
   formStatus.textContent = '';
@@ -83,7 +89,7 @@ grid.addEventListener('click', async (event) => {
   lightboxDownload.href = viewButton.dataset.downloadUrl;
   lightboxId.textContent = `ID: ${shortId(viewButton.dataset.viewId)}`;
   lightbox.showModal();
-  await recordView(viewButton.dataset.viewId);
+  await recordViewOnce(viewButton.dataset.viewId);
 });
 
 const observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
@@ -92,6 +98,10 @@ const observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
   }
 }, { rootMargin: '420px 0px' });
 
+const viewObserver = 'IntersectionObserver' in window
+  ? new IntersectionObserver(handleViewIntersections, { threshold: [VIEW_THRESHOLD] })
+  : null;
+
 connectLiveCounters();
 updateScrollIndicator();
 window.addEventListener('scroll', updateScrollIndicator, { passive: true });
@@ -132,6 +142,7 @@ async function loadMemes(page, options = {}) {
 
 function renderMemes(memes, options = {}) {
   if (!options.append && memes.length === 0) {
+    unobserveViewedImages();
     grid.innerHTML = `<div class="empty-state">NO_MEMES_IN_STREAM</div>`;
     return;
   }
@@ -149,7 +160,7 @@ function renderMemes(memes, options = {}) {
         <span class="card-meta age">${relativeAge(meme.createdAt)}</span>
       </div>
       <div class="image-frame">
-        <img src="${meme.url}" alt="Uploaded meme ${shortId(meme.id)}" loading="lazy">
+        <img src="${meme.url}" alt="Uploaded meme ${shortId(meme.id)}" loading="lazy" data-view-observe-id="${meme.id}">
       </div>
       <div class="card-actions">
         <div class="stats">
@@ -169,8 +180,10 @@ function renderMemes(memes, options = {}) {
   if (options.append) {
     grid.append(...cards);
   } else {
+    unobserveViewedImages();
     grid.replaceChildren(...cards);
   }
+  observeViewedImages(cards);
 }
 
 async function validateClientFile(file) {
@@ -211,13 +224,106 @@ function closeUpload() {
   uploadModal.close();
 }
 
-async function recordView(id) {
+function handleViewIntersections(entries) {
+  for (const entry of entries) {
+    const id = entry.target.dataset.viewObserveId;
+    if (!id || wasRecentlyViewed(id)) {
+      stopViewTimer(id);
+      if (wasRecentlyViewed(id)) viewObserver.unobserve(entry.target);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (entry.isIntersecting && entry.intersectionRatio >= VIEW_THRESHOLD) {
+      startViewTimer(id, entry.target);
+    } else {
+      stopViewTimer(id);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function observeViewedImages(cards) {
+  if (!viewObserver) return;
+  for (const card of cards) {
+    const image = card.querySelector('[data-view-observe-id]');
+    if (image && !wasRecentlyViewed(image.dataset.viewObserveId)) viewObserver.observe(image);
+  }
+}
+
+function unobserveViewedImages() {
+  for (const timer of pendingViewTimers.values()) window.clearTimeout(timer);
+  pendingViewTimers.clear();
+  if (!viewObserver) return;
+  for (const image of grid.querySelectorAll('[data-view-observe-id]')) {
+    viewObserver.unobserve(image);
+  }
+}
+
+function startViewTimer(id, target) {
+  if (pendingViewTimers.has(id)) return;
+  const timer = window.setTimeout(async () => {
+    pendingViewTimers.delete(id);
+    if (wasRecentlyViewed(id)) {
+      viewObserver.unobserve(target);
+      return;
+    }
+    await recordViewOnce(id);
+    viewObserver.unobserve(target);
+  }, VIEW_DWELL_MS);
+  pendingViewTimers.set(id, timer);
+}
+
+function stopViewTimer(id) {
+  const timer = pendingViewTimers.get(id);
+  if (!timer) return;
+  window.clearTimeout(timer);
+  pendingViewTimers.delete(id);
+}
+
+async function recordViewOnce(id) {
+  if (!isMemeId(id)) return;
+  if (wasRecentlyViewed(id)) return;
+  rememberViewed(id);
   try {
     const response = await fetch(`/api/memes/${id}/view`, { method: 'POST' });
     const payload = await response.json();
-    if (response.ok) updateCounters(payload.meme);
+    if (!response.ok) throw new Error(payload.error || 'View update failed.');
+    updateCounters(payload.meme);
   } catch {
-    // Live counter updates are best-effort; the lightbox should still open.
+    forgetViewed(id);
+    // Live counter updates are best-effort; the stream and lightbox should still work.
+  }
+}
+
+function isMemeId(id) {
+  return typeof id === 'string' && /^[a-f0-9]{64}$/.test(id);
+}
+
+function wasRecentlyViewed(id) {
+  if (viewedThisSession.has(id)) return true;
+  try {
+    const viewedAt = Number.parseInt(localStorage.getItem(`${VIEW_DEDUPE_PREFIX}${id}`) || '0', 10);
+    if (Number.isFinite(viewedAt) && Date.now() - viewedAt < VIEW_DEDUPE_MS) return true;
+  } catch {
+    // Storage can be unavailable in hardened browser modes; session memory still dedupes.
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+function rememberViewed(id) {
+  viewedThisSession.add(id);
+  try {
+    localStorage.setItem(`${VIEW_DEDUPE_PREFIX}${id}`, String(Date.now()));
+  } catch {
+    // localStorage is optional; no upload or view flow depends on it.
+  }
+}
+
+function forgetViewed(id) {
+  viewedThisSession.delete(id);
+  try {
+    localStorage.removeItem(`${VIEW_DEDUPE_PREFIX}${id}`);
+  } catch {
+    // Optional storage cleanup.
   }
 }